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Water quality answer

What are PFAS and why are they in my water?

Short answer

PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are man-made 'forever chemicals' used in non-stick cookware, firefighting foam, and stain-resistant fabrics. They do not break down in the environment and have seeped into groundwater and municipal water supplies nationwide, affecting an estimated 45% of U.S. tap water.

More detail

Because PFAS are highly persistent, they accumulate over time in the environment and in human bodies. Even low levels of exposure over long periods are linked to health issues, which is why the EPA established strict Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) in 2024.

A 2023 USGS study found that PFAS concentrations in private wells were generally similar to those in government-regulated public water supplies. Exposure is higher in urban areas and near known industrial sources.

Municipal water systems are required to test for PFAS and will eventually be required to filter it, but private well owners must test and filter their own water.

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